To achieve this, replacing the UTXO with Pedersen Commitments and then validating block validity by summing up all inputs and outputs and ensuring that the resulting sum is zero (or more precisely equal to coinbase transaction). Since the same approach can extend to all blocks, the resulting blockchain size growth is a function of UTXOs rather than transactions (which, in average cases, produces an order of magnitude smaller blockchain). Each UTXO also contains a zero-knowledge range proof that ensures the UTXO value is positive..